Diploma in Pharmacy / Бакалавр (Diploma) в Области Фармацевтического Дела

Course Details

Course Information Package

Course Unit TitleBIOPHARMACY & PHARMACOKINETICS
Course Unit CodePHA301
Course Unit Details
Number of ECTS credits allocated7
Learning Outcomes of the course unitBy the end of the course, the students should be able to:
  1. Identify the basic classification and causes of important diseases and the characteristics of pharmacodynamic and chemotherapeutic drugs.
  2. Explain the fate of a drug in the body, its kinetics and, most important, its metabolism, as well as the phenomenon of xenobiotic metabolism from various aspects.
  3. Explain the molecular and chemical basis of drug interactions and the formation of various types of chemical bonds and the effects on the development of drug action.
  4. State the three phases in the development of drug action.
  5. State in details the routes of per os, per annum, sublingual, parenteral (im, iv, sc, ip) administration, administration via the respiratory system, transdermal administration, differences in the duration and potency of action, explanation of differences.
  6. Analyse the phenomenon of drug distribution and that of plasma protein binding, nature of these phenomena as well as the phenomenon of drug dislocation by another drug and effects connected with it. Further, which drugs are extensively bound and consequences in drug interactions.
  7. Analyse how drugs are excreted and routes of excretion, influence of the urine pH, pKa of the drug, lipophilicity of the drug molecules, binding with plasma proteins, effect of the molecular weight of drugs on the route of excretion.
  8. Apply some of the important pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g. volume of distribution, t½, Cmax, AUC, biodisposition.
Mode of DeliveryFace-to-face
PrerequisitesPHA206,PHA207Co-requisitesNONE
Recommended optional program componentsNONE
Course Contents·  A chemical introduction on drug action and xenobiotic behaviour.
·  Brief historical introduction to drug development and applications.
·  Impact of drugs on health and disease.
·  Differences and similarities between food and drugs.
·  General characteristics of drug molecules-Xenobiotics. Chemical bonds, drug properties and drug action.
·  Covalent, coordinated bonds, coulombic forces, hydrogen bond, van der Waals forces, lipid interactions.
·  Principles of selectivity based on differences in morphology, biochemistry and distribution.
·  Ways of drug loss, elements of drug absorption, distribution and excretion. Drug metabolism. Objectives, evolution, site, chemical nature of structural changes. Oxidations, reductions, hydrolyses and other phase I biotransformations. Conjugations with glucuronic acid, glycine, sulphate, glutathione, and other phase II biotransformations.
·  Molecular biology of cytochromes P450. P450 induction and inhibition. Biodetoxification, Biotoxication.
·  Drug metabolism and drug stereochemistry. Molecular aspects of drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Consequences of interactions, applications in therapy, elements of drug design and development.
·  The phases of drug action. The pharmaceutical phase. The pharmacokinetic phase. Sites of loss. Absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs. Mechanisms and factors involved in these phenomena: Sites and mechanisms of absorption, distribution of drugs in the body and the rules covering this phenomenon
·  Enterohepatic circulation, (blood) protein-drug binding, types of binding, rules governing binding, the phenomenon of dislocation, therapeutic applications. Excretion of drugs, urinary, biliary, other (saliva, sweat, milk, tears, sperm).
·  Pharmacokinetic parameters, volume of distribution, biological half-life, maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve, biodisposition. Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic bioavailability. Role of urinary pH, of pKa of drugs and of their molecular weight. The third phase is the pharmacodynamic phase.
·  Tutorial: Discussion and problem solving.
Laboratory work: Determination of a drug in urine, saliva or blood, Effect of urinary pH, acidic, neutral, alkaline, on the excretion of drugs (weak electrolytes), Phase I drug metabolism, Phase II drug metabolism, Determination of urinary excretion rate of a drug administered per os or intra peritoneally, Determination of Cmax, t½ and AUC.
Recommended and/or required reading:
Textbooks
  • G. Gibson, P. Skett, Introduction to Drug Metabolism, 3rd ed., Thornes, 2001.
References
  • L. Shargel, S. Wu-Pong, A. B. C. Yu, Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2005.
  • M. E. Wolff, Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, vol. 2, Wiley Interscience, 2003.
Planned learning activities and teaching methodsThe taught part of course is delivered to the students by means of lectures, conducted with the help of computer presentations. Lecture notes and presentations are available through the web for students to use in combination with the textbooks.
Lectures are accompanied with tutorials and laboratory work which is carried out in the pharmacy laboratory.
Assessment methods and criteria
Laboratory20%
Tests20%
Final Exam60%
Language of instructionGreek
Work placement(s)NO

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